In radiography, what does an increase in kilovoltage (kV) primarily affect?

An increase in kilovoltage (kV) primarily increases the penetration ability of the X-rays produced during the radiographic process. Higher kV settings generate X-rays with higher energy, allowing them to pass through denser materials more effectively. This enhanced penetration is critical in radiographic testing, as it enables the detection of defects within thicker or denser components that may not be adequately visualized at lower kV levels.

While increasing kV does influence image contrast and film speed to some extent, its most significant impact is on the ability of X-rays to penetrate the object being inspected. Higher penetrating power reduces the difference in absorption between materials, which can lead to decreased contrast; however, the primary physical consequence of raising the kV is the increased penetration capability, making it the best choice in this context. Understanding this relationship is essential for radiography practitioners when selecting appropriate settings for inspections to ensure optimal imaging quality while accommodating varying material thicknesses.